| References and Further Reading from Egypt pages |
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| References |
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Report of the United Nations Development Programme 2004 (HDI 2002). Launched by the United Nations in 1990, the Human Development Index measures a country's achievements in three aspects of human development: longevity, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It was created to re-emphasize that people and their lives should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth. Current values range from 0.956 ( Norway, 1/177 countries) to 0.273 ( Sierra Leone, 177/177 countries). Countries fall into one of three groups: countries1-55=high development; 56-141=medium development; 142-177=low development.
See: http://hdr.undp.org/statistics/data/indic/indic_8_1_1.html |
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Dr Naguib Elnikhaily in discussion MECC conference, Larnaca, Cyprus (February 2004) |
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Personal Communication with Dr Naguib Elnikhaily (February 2005) |
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Personal communication with Dr Nagwa Elkateb, Director of the Technical Institute of Nursing, NCI, Cairo University (February 2005) |
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International Narcotics Control Board (2004) Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002. New York: United Nations, 2004. |
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‘The term defined daily doses for statistical purposes (S-DDD) replaces the term defined daily doses previously used by the Board. The S-DDDs are technical units of measurement for the purposes of statistical analysis and are not recommended prescription doses. Certain narcotic drugs may be used in certain countries for different treatments or in accordance with different medical practices, and therefore a different daily dose could be more appropriate.’ International Narcotics Control Board. Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002. |
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Personal communication: Dr Fouad Bekeheit – 20 April 2005. |
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Al-Shahri, M., Brown, S., Ezzat, A., Khatib, O. (2004) Palliative care initiative for the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a proposal Ann Saudi Med 24:6 pp.465-468 |
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Personal Communication with Dr Ahmed Helmy, NCI, Cairo University (February 2005) |
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Dr Naguib Elnikhaily in discussion MECC conference, Larnaca, Cyprus (February 2004) |
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Personal communication: Dr Fouad Bekeheit – 20 April 2005. |
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Personal Communication with Dr Ahmed Helmy and Dr Nagwa Elkateb at NCI, Cairo University (February 2005) |
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Tawfik, M.O. (1993) ‘ Egypt: status of cancer pain and palliative care’ Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 8 (6) pp.409-411 |
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Dr Nagwa Elkateb in discussion MECC conference, Larnaca, Cyprus (February 2004) |
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Personal communication with Dr Nagwa Elkateb, Director of the Technical Institute of Nursing, NCI, Cairo University (February 2005) |
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See: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ug.html |
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This refers to adult mortality risk, which is defined as the probability of dying between 15 and 59 years. |
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See The World Factbook
See: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ug.html |
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See: WHO statistics for Egypt at: http://www.who.int/countries/en/ |
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Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani, P, Parkin DM. (2001) GLOBOCAN 2000: Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide. V1.0 IARC Cancerbase No.5 Lyon: IARC Press, 2001. |
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Total health expenditure per capita is the per capita amount of the sum of Public Health Expenditure (PHE) and Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE). The international dollar is a common currency unit that takes into account differences in the relative purchasing power of various currencies. Figures expressed in international dollars are calculated using purchasing power parities (PPP), which are rates of currency conversion constructed to account for differences in price leve l between countries.
See: Link
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Tandon A, Murray CLJ, Lauer JA, Evans DB. Measuring overall health system performance for 191 Countries. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No 30; WHO |
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See http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/eg.html |
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Dr Nagwa Elkateb in discussion MECC conference, Larnaca, Cyprus (February 2004) |
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Musgrave C. Rituals of death and dying in Israeli Jewish culture. European Journal of Palliative Care1995;2:2:83-86 |
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Gatrad AR , Sheikh A. (2002) Palliative care for Muslims and issues before death. International Journal of Palliative Nursing 2002;8:11: 526-531. |
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Amado LE. Sexual and bodily rights as human rights in the Middle East and North Africa. Reproductive Health Matters May 2004;12(23):.125-131.
Amin S, AlBassusi NH. Education, wage work, and marriage: perspectives of Egyptian working women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Dec 2004;66(5): 1287-1299.
Duza, M.B.(1987) Development and human resources in the Islamic world: a study of selected countries. Population Science 7:1-30.
Okasha, A. (2001) Egyptian contribution to the concept of mental health.
Journal of East Mediterranean Health May; 7(3):377-80.
Inhorn MC. Middle Eastern masculinities in the age of new reproductive technologies: male infertility and stigma in Egypt and Lebanon. Medical Anthropology Quarterly Jun 2004;18(2):162- 182.
Soliman HA. Proactive solution to the drug problem in Egypt: an evaluation of a drug-training program. Social Development Issues 2004;26(1):95-107.
Tawfik, M. O.(1993) ‘ Egypt: status of cancer pain and palliative care’ Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 8 (6) pp.409-411
Stjernswärd J, Clark D. (2003) Palliative medicine – a global perspective. In: D Doyle, G Hanks, N Cherny, K Calman (eds.) Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. ( Oxford: Oxford University Press)
Yount KM, Agree EM, Rebellon C. Gender and use of health care among older adults in Egypt and Tunisia. Soc Sci Med, Dec 2004;59(12):.2479-2497.
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