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References and Further Reading from Kenya pages

References
1	Report of the United Nations Development Programme 2004 (HDI 2002). Launched by the United Nations in 1990, the Human Development Index measures a country's achievements in three aspects of human development: longevity, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It was created to re-emphasize that people and their lives should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth. Current values range from 0.956 ( Norway, 1/177 countries) to 0.273 ( Sierra Leone, 177/177 countries). Countries fall into one of three groups: countries1-55=high development; 56-141=medium development; 142-177=low development. See: http://hdr.undp.org/statistics/data/indic/indic_8_1_1.html
2	Nairobi Hospice Annual Report 2003; 14.
3	IOELC interview: Zipporah Ali – 1 Nov 2004.
4	Nairobi Hospice Annual Report 2003: 16.
5	Nairobi Hospice Annual Report 2003: 15.
6	IOELC interview: Zipporah Ali – 1 Nov 2004.
7	IOELC interview: John Njoka – 1 Nov 2004.
8	Personal communication: Zipporah Ali – 1 Nov 2004.
9	IOELC interview: Bactrin Killingo – 2 Nov 2004.
10	IOELC interview: Bactrin Killingo – 2 Nov 2004.
11	Personal communication: Paul Asige – 13 Jan 2005.
12	Personal communication: Paul Asige – 20 Jan 2005.
13	Coast Hospice Report provided by Nyandia Nderitu - 18 Jan 2005.
14	Personal communication: Florence Kiama – 24 Jan 2005.
15	Information leaflet: Nyeri Hospice.
16	Gatherings/meetings
17	IOELC interview: Stephen Gitonga – 22 Sep 2004.
18	Allbrook D. Palliative care in Kenya: report of the International Association of Hospice and Palliative Care Travelling fellowship. Journal of Pain and Pharmacotherapy 2003; 17(3/4):185-189.
19	Grant E, Murray A, Grant A, Brown J. A good death in rural Kenya? Listening to Meru patients and their families talk about care needs at the end of life. Journal of Palliative Care 2003;19(3): 159-167.
20	See also: Murray SA, Grant E, Grant A, Kendall M. Dying from cancer in developed and developing countries: lessons from two qualitative interview studies of patients and their carers. BMJ 2003 February 15; 326: 368.
21	IOELC interview: Zipporah Ali – 1 Nov 2004.
22	Nairobi Hospice Annual Report 2003: 13.
23	Nyeri Hospice Team. The Development of Nyeri Hospice. 2002.
24	IOELC interview: Brigid Sirengo – 2 June 2004.
25	Personal communication: Paul Asige – 26 Jan 2005.
26	Personal communication: Florence Kiama – 25 Jan 2005.
27	International Narcotics Control Board (2004) Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002. New York: United Nations, 2004.
28	‘The term defined daily doses for statistical purposes (S-DDD) replaces the term defined daily doses previously used by the Board. The S-DDDs are technical units of measurement for the purposes of statistical analysis and are not recommended prescription doses. Certain narcotic drugs may be used in certain countries for different treatments or in accordance with different medical practices, and therefore a different daily dose could be more appropriate.’ International Narcotics Control Board. Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002.
29	Kate Jones, Hospice Care Kenya. hospice.care.kenya@virgin.net
30	See: http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/aids/pepfarfact.html
31	‘The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund was created through public donation in the immediate aftermath of the death of the Princess in 1997. A global charity, it continues the Princess’s humanitarian work in the UK and overseas. By giving grants to organisations, championing charitable causes and creating new money for the charity sector, the Fund helps the most disadvantaged people change their lives. By the end of 2002, the Fund will have pledged £50 million on good causes.’ Diana Palliative Care Initiative (2002) The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund:21 See: http://www.theworkcontinues.org
32	See: http://www.helpthehospices.org.uk/international/index.asp?submenu=1
33	Africa gets its own hospice and palliative care association! HPCAU 2003;5(2): 4
34	FHSSA newsletter 17 Dec 2003.
35	IOELC interview: John Njoka – 1 Nov 2004.
36	IOELC interview: Jane Appleton – 1 February 2005
37	Personal communication: Nyandia Nderitu – 19 Jan 2005.
38	IOELC interview: Bactrin Killingo – 2 Nov 2004.
39	Personal communication: Stephen Gitonga – 19 April 2005.
40	Publicity leaflet. Nairobi Hospice. Undated
41	IOELC interview: Ruth Wooldridge – 27 Jan 2005.
42	IOELC interview: Brigid Sirengo – 1 Nov 2004.
43	Hospice Information Service. The Bulletin Jan 1991;11:1.
44	Paul Asige. Personal communication. 26/01/05.
45	IOELC interview: Stephen Gitonga – 22 Sep 2004.
46	IOELC interview: Brigid Sirengo – 1 Nov 2004.
47	IOELC interview: Zipporah Ali – 2 June 2004.
48	IOELC interview: Bactrin Killingo – 2 Nov 2004.
49	IOELC interview: Stephen Gitonga – 22 Sep 2004.
50	IOELC interview: Bactrin Killingo – 2 June 2004.
51	See: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.html
52	This refers to adult mortality risk, which is defined as the probability of dying between 15 and 59 years.
53	See: WHO statistics for Kenya at: http://www.who.int/countries/ken/en/
54	http://www.unaids.org/en/geographical+area/by+country/kenya.asp
55	Total health expenditure per capita is the per capita amount of the sum of Public Health Expenditure (PHE) and Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE). The international dollar is a common currency unit that takes into account differences in the relative purchasing power of various currencies. Figures expressed in international dollars are calculated using purchasing power parities (PPP), which are rates of currency conversion constructed to account for differences in price level between countries. See: Link
56	Tandon A, Murray CLJ, Lauer JA, Evans DB. Measuring overall health system performance for 191 Countries. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No 30; WHO.
57	Weinreb AA. 2001. First politics, then culture: accounting for ethic differences in demographic behavior in Kenya. Population and Development Review 2001; 27(3): 437-467.
58	http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.html
59	World of Information Business Intelligence Report. Kenya: economy, politics and government. Business Intelligence Report: Kenya 2001;1(1): 1-46.

Further Reading
Amuyunzu-Nyamongo, M. 2001. HIV/AIDS in Kenya: Moving beyond policy and rhetoric. African Sociological Review 2001;5(2): 86-101. Harding R, Higginson IR. Palliative Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Appraisal. London: Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund, 2004. See: http://www.dianafund.co.uk/causes/pall_library.asp Harding R, Stewart K, Marconi K, O'Neill JF, Higginson IJ. Current HIV/AIDS end-of-life care in Sub-Saharan Africa: a survey of models, services, challenges and priorities. BMC Public Health Oct 2003; 3 :33 . See: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/3/33 Hunter S. Black Death: AIDS in Africa. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Sepulveda C, Habiyambere V, Amandua J, Borok M, Kikule E, Mudanga B, Ngoma T, Solomon B. Quality care at the end of life in Africa. British Medical Journal 2003;327(7408): 209. Stjernswärd J, Clark D. Palliative medicine – a global perspective. In: D Doyle, G Hanks, N Cherny, K Calman (eds.) Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

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