In 1996 the life expectancy in Poland at birth was 68.1 for males and 76.6 for females. Figures for 2000 indicate a rise: 69.2 for men, and 77.7 for women. During the 1970s and 1980s there was a rise in the mortality of middle-aged men although an improvement has been seen since 1993. Diseases of the circulatory system are the major causes of death amongst both men and women, followed by cancer.
In 2000 there were 82,600 deaths from cancer, 213.9 per 100,000. Around 55% of these deaths occurred in hospital. Amongst the patients who died of cancer, 35% to 40% accessed hospice palliative care services; 7.6% died in hospice. Twenty-one per cent of patients who died at home were in receipt of palliative care.18
Population and life expectancy, Central and Eastern Europe
Population (millions)
Life Expectancy
Male
Female
Albania
3.1
64.3
72.9
Bosnia-Herzogovina
3.9
68.7
74.4
Bulgaria
7.9
67.4
74.9
Croatia
4.6
69.8
77.7
Czech Republic
10.2
71.5
78.2
Estonia
1.3
65.4
76.5
Hungary
9.9
66.3
75.2
Latvia
2.4
64.2
75.5
Lithuania
3.7
66.9
77.2
Macedonia
2.0
70.2
74.8
Poland
38.6
69.2
77.7
Romania
22.4
66.2
73.5
Serbia and Montenegro
10.5
Slovakia
5.3
69.2
77.5
Slovenia
1.9
71.9
79.4
Source: World Health Report 2001
WHO age standardised death rates per 100,000 population, Central and Eastern Europe (1995-1998)
Year
All Causes
Cancer
Albania
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bulgaria
1998
958.9
123.3
Croatia
1997
836.0
174.2
Czech Republic
1998
706.6
182.9
Estonia
1998
907.7
157.8
Hungary
1998
917.8
219.4
Latvia
1998
955.2
152.1
Lithuania
1997
817.2
149.4
Macedonia
1997
809.1
Poland
1996
812.2
165.2
Romania
1998
933.9
130.6
Serbia and Montenegro
Slovakia
1995
820.9
172.3
Slovenia
1997
666.1
167.5
Source: World Health Organisation: World Health Statistics 1997-1999
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