During the period of Polish independence, from 1918 to 1938, health services were expanded and some extra finances were accessed through a Bismarckian system of health insurance that covered around 7% of the population. Under communist rule health care was declared a public responsibility and strongly centralised, although some aspects of the Soviet model were resisted in Poland. During the 1990s major proposals were put forward designed to decentralise the health care system, strengthen primary care and establish compulsory health insurance.
Health care expenditure (US$) per capita, Central and Eastern Europe
Source: WHO Regional Office for European Health for All database and HiTs
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