| References and Further Reading from Tanzania pages |
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| References |
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Report of the United Nations Development Programme 2004 (HDI 2002). Launched by the United Nations in 1990, the Human Development Index measures a country's achievements in three aspects of human development: longevity, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It was created to re-emphasize that people and their lives should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth. Current values range from 0.956 ( Norway, 1/177 countries) to 0.273 ( Sierra Leone, 177/177 countries). Countries fall into one of three groups: countries1-55=high development; 56-141=medium development; 142-177=low development.
See: http://hdr.undp.org/statistics/data/indic/indic_8_1_1.html |
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IOELC interview: Mark Jacobson – 4 June 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mark Jacobson – 4 June 2004. |
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Muheza Hospice Care Annual Report 2004. |
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Muheza Hospice Care Annual Report 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Angela Kaiza – 8 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Karilyn Collins – 7 November 2004. |
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Muheza Hospice Care Annual Report 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mary Haule – 10 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mary Ash – 9 November 2004. |
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International Narcotics Control Board. Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002. New York: United Nations, 2004. |
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‘The term defined daily doses for statistical purposes (S-DDD) replaces the term defined daily doses previously used by the Board. The S-DDDs are technical units of measurement for the purposes of statistical analysis and are not recommended prescription doses. Certain narcotic drugs may be used in certain countries for different treatments or in accordance with different medical practices, and therefore a different daily dose could be more appropriate.’ International Narcotics Control Board. Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002. |
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PASADA Morphine Report 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Hussein Mtiro – 10 November 2004. |
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Africa gets its own hospice and palliative care association! HPCAU 2003;5(2): 4 |
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‘The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund was created through public donation in the immediate aftermath of the death of the Princess in 1997. A global charity, it continues the Princess’s humanitarian work in the UK and overseas. By giving grants to organisations, championing charitable causes and creating new money for the charity sector, the Fund helps the most disadvantaged people change their lives. By the end of 2002, the Fund will have pledged £50 million on good causes.’ Diana Palliative Care Initiative (2002) The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund:21
See: www.theworkcontinues.org
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WHO Progress Report. Community health approach to palliative care for HIV/AIDS and cancer patients in Africa, 2002.
See: http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/africanproject/en/ |
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WHO home page: http://www.who.int/en/ |
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WHO report: Community Health Approach to Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS Patients, 2004:60. Available to download at:
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591498.pdf
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United Republic of Tanzania HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Plan 2003-2008 (Draft Document: 19 April 2004). Business Plan 4.0 - 1 September 2003: 2. |
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IOELC interview: Mary Ash – 9 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Hussein Mtiro – 10 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Karilyn Collins – 7 November 2004. |
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Muheza Hospice Care Annual Report 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Hussein Mtiro – 10 Nov 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mark Jacobson – 4 June 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mark Jacobson – 4 June 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mark Jacobson – 4 June 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mark Jacobson – 4 June 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Kristopher Hartwig - 4 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Kristopher Hartwig - 4 November 2004. |
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Hartwig K. The development of hospice care in Arusha, Tanzania: lessons from the neighbouring states of Kenya and Uganda. J Palliat Care 2001;17(2): 121-125. |
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IOELC interview: Karilyn Collins – 7 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Karilyn Collins – 7 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Kristopher Hartwig - 4 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Angela Kaiza – 8 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mary Ash – 9 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mary Ash – 9 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Mary Haule – 10 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Hussein Mtiro – 10 November 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Hussein Mtiro – 10 November 2004. |
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See: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tz.html |
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This refers to adult mortality risk, which is defined as the probability of dying between 15 and 59 years. |
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See: WHO statistics for Tanzania at: http://www.who.int/countries/tza/en/ |
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IOELC interview: Kristopher Hartwig - 4 November 2004. |
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http://www.unaids.org/en/geographical+area/by+country/united+republic+of+ tanzania.asp |
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Total health expenditure per capita is the per capita amount of the sum of Public Health Expenditure (PHE) and Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE). The international dollar is a common currency unit that takes into account differences in the relative purchasing power of various currencies. Figures expressed in international dollars are calculated using purchasing power parities (PPP), which are rates of currency conversion constructed to account for differences in price level between countries.
See: Link |
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Tandon A, Murray CLJ, Lauer JA, Evans DB. Measuring overall health system performance for 191 Countries. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No 30; WHO. |
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WHO report: Community Health Approach to Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS Patients, 2004:21. Available to download at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591498.pdf |
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US Department of State, Office of East African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs. United Republic of Tanzania:Background Notes on Countries of the World 2003. Washington, DC: US Department of State, Office of East African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs, 2003. |
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Kelsall T. Governance, democracy and recent political struggles in mainland Tanzania. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 2003;41(2): 55-82. |
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http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tz.html |
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IOELC interview: Kristopher Hartwig - 4 November 2004. |
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Dilger H. Sexuality, AIDS, and the lures of modernity: reflexivity and morality among young people in rural Tanzania. Medical Anthropology 2003;22(1): 23-52.
Harding R, Higginson IR. Palliative Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Appraisal. London: Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund, 2004.
See: http://www.dianafund.co.uk/causes/pall_library.asp
Harding R, Stewart K, Marconi K, O'Neill JF, Higginson IJ. Current HIV/AIDS end-of-life care in Sub-Saharan Africa: a survey of models, services, challenges and priorities. BMC Public Health Oct 2003; 3 :33 . See: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/3/33
Hartwig KA, Eng E, Daniel M, Ricketts T, Crouse Quinn S. 2005. Aids and “shared sovereignty” in Tanzania from 1987 to 2000: a case study. Social Science and Medicine 2005;60(7): 1613.
Hunter S. Black Death: AIDS in Africa. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
Mella PP. Major factors that impact on women’s health in Tanzania: the way forward. Health Care for Women International 2003;24(8): 712.
Sepulveda C. Habiyambere V, Amandua J, Borok M, Kikule E, Mudanga B, Ngoma, T, Solomon B, 2003. Quality care at the end of life in Africa. British Medical Journal 2003;327(7408): 209.
Stjernswärd J, Clark D. Palliative medicine – a global perspective. In: D Doyle, G Hanks, N Cherny, K Calman (eds.) Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
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