| References and Further Reading from Uganda pages |
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| References |
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Report of the United Nations Development Programme 2004 (HDI 2002). Launched by the United Nations in 1990, the Human Development Index measures a country's achievements in three aspects of human development: longevity, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It was created to re-emphasize that people and their lives should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth. Current values range from 0.956 ( Norway, 1/177 countries) to 0.273 ( Sierra Leone, 177/177 countries). Countries fall into one of three groups: countries1-55=high development; 56-141=medium development; 142-177=low development. See: http://www.undp.org/hdr2004/ |
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Merriman A. Hospice Uganda: 1993-1998. J Palliat Care 1999;15(1): 50-52. |
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Merriman A. History of Palliative care in Uganda. Hospice Africa Uganda Aspects: 1993-2003. In: Conference proceedings - Palliative Care: Completing the Circle of Care, 16- 17 Sept 2003. |
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The Mildmay Centre, Uganda: background information. Mildmay International: 3. |
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IOELC interview: Dr Janet White – 11 March 2003 |
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IOELC interview: Winnie Elem – 11 March 2004. |
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See: http://www.afxb.org/en/index.php?link=program&sub1=uganda |
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Robert K, Bekunda R, Dorothy N. Integrating palliative care in the care of PWLAs – AFBX experience. In: Conference proceedings -Palliative Care: Completing the Circle of Care, 16- 17 Sept 2003. |
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IOELC interview: Emmanuel Luyirika - 11 March 2003. |
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Kikule E. A word from the executive director. In: Eleventh Annual Report: 1 st April 2003 to 31 March 2004: 33. 17. |
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Hospice Uganda. Some Facts about Hospice Uganda: January 2004. |
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Mobile Hospice Mbarara. Jan 2004. |
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International Narcotics Control Board. Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002. New York: United Nations, 2004. |
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‘The term defined daily doses for statistical purposes (S-DDD) replaces the term defined daily doses previously used by the Board. The S-DDDs are technical units of measurement for the purposes of statistical analysis and are not recommended prescription doses. Certain narcotic drugs may be used in certain countries for different treatments or in accordance with different medical practices, and therefore a different daily dose could be more appropriate.’ International Narcotics Control Board. Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002. New York: United Nations, 2004: 117. The S-DDD used by the INCB for morphine is 100 milligrams. |
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Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda. Statutory Instruments 2004:24 The National Drug Authority (Prescription and Supply of Certain Narcotic Analgesic Drugs) Regulations, 2004. Ministry of Health 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Peter Mikajjo – 10 March 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Anne Merriman – 9 March 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Jack Jagwe – 10 March 2004. |
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See: http://www.tasouganda.org/ |
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Africa gets its own hospice and palliative care association! HPCAU 2003;5(2): 4 |
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WHO (2002) Progress Report. Community health approach to palliative care for HIV/AIDS and cancer patients in Africa. See: http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/africanproject/en/ |
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Community Health approach to palliative care for HIV/AIDS and cancer patients in Africa: WHO joint project cancer and HIV/ AIDS programmes. Progress Report. Aug 2002. |
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WHO report: Community Health Approach to Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS Patients, 2004:8. Available to download at:
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591498.pdf
The extract cites: E Kikule. A good death in Uganda: survey of needs for palliative care for terminally ill people in urban areas. BMJ 2003 July 26; 327(7408): 192–194.
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‘The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund was created through public donation in the immediate aftermath of the death of the Princess in 1997. A global charity, it continues the Princess’s humanitarian work in the UK and overseas. By giving grants to organisations, championing charitable causes and creating new money for the charity sector, the Fund helps the most disadvantaged people change their lives. By the end of 2002, the Fund will have pledged £50 million on good causes.’ Diana Palliative Care Initiative (2002) The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund:21
See: www.theworkcontinues.org |
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See: http://www.cafod.org.uk |
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Merriman A. Hospice Africa Uganda: 10 th Anniversary (1993-2003). In: Proceedings from Palliative Care: Completing the Circle of Care, 16 - 17 Sept 2003. |
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See: http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/aids/pepfarfact.html |
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See: http://www.helpthehospices.org.uk/international/index.asp?submenu=1 |
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See: http://www.unaids.org/en/Regions_Countries/Countries/Uganda.asp |
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Foundation for Hospices in Sub-Saharan Africa, see: http://www.fssa.org |
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Otterstedt C. The hospice concept as an addition to care and counselling of people dying of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Hospice Information Service Nov 1999;7(3): 3-4. |
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Kennedy A. Journey to Kampala – the AIDS crisis in Uganda. Hospice Information Service July 1999;7(2): 12-13. |
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Merriman A. Preface to third edition. In: Palliative Medicine - Pain and Symptom Control in the Cancer and/or AIDS Patient in Uganda and Other African Countries. Kampala; Hospice Africa Uganda, 2002: v. |
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IOELC interview: Michelle McGannon – 10 March 2004. |
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Personal communication: Ndikintum George Mbeng (Distance learning student – Cameroon) – 11 Mar 2004. |
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Jackson A. Hospice information welcomes visitor from Africa. Hospice Information Service 12.2003;2(3): 16. |
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IOELC interview: Ronnah Abinaitwe – 10 March 2004. |
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Kikule E. A good death in Uganda: survey of needs for palliative care for terminally ill people in urban areas. BMJ 2003; Jul 26;327(7408): 192-194. |
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IOELC interview: Julia Downing – 2 June 2004. |
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Akankwasa A. Palliative care in the districts through the mobile training teams. In: In: Conference proceedings -Palliative Care: Completing the Circle of Care, 16 - 17 Sept 2003. |
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Personal communication: Remigious Bekunda – 18 Nov 2004. |
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Sekagya YH. Traditional medicine/healers contributing to the circle of care. In: Conference proceedings -Palliative Care: Completing the Circle of Care, 16 - 17 Sept 2003. |
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Nyakoojo SB. Human Resources Department report. Hospice Africa Uganda. Eleventh Annual Report: 1 st April 2003 to 31 March 2004: 33. |
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The Mildmay Centre, Uganda: background information. Mildmay International: 2. |
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See: http://www.fias.net/Donor%20Page/Ireland-Donor.htm |
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Wheatley S. Little Hospice Hoima celebrates five years. Hospice Information Service 12.2003;2(3): 9. |
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IOELC interview: Anne Merriman – 9 March 2004 |
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Downing J. Welcome from the Mildmay Centre, Uganda. In: Conference proceedings - Palliative Care: Completing the Circle of Care, 16 - 17 Sept 2003. |
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White J. Experiences of an in-patient unit with community outreach. In: Conference proceedings - Palliative Care: Completing the Circle of Care, 16 - 17 Sept 2003. |
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IOELC Interview: Rose Nabatanzi - 11 March 2004. |
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Simmons M. The integration of palliative care using oral morphine into an existing home care programme. In: PCAU Journal of Palliative Care 2003;6(3): 28. |
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Defilippi K, Downing J, Merriman A, Clark D. A palliative care association for the whole of Africa. Palliative Medicine 2004;18: 583-584. |
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See: http://www.afxb.org/en/index.php?link=about&sub1=history |
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Robert K, Bekunda R, Dorothy N. Integrating palliative care in the care of PWLAs – AFBX experience. In: Conference proceedings -Palliative Care: Completing the Circle of Care, 16- 17 Sept 2003. |
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IOELC interview: Lydia Mpanga Sebuyira – 21 Sept 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Yahaya Hills Sekagya - 19 Sept 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Anne Merriman – 9 March 2004. |
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Patient: Hospice Uganda – 11 March 2003. |
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Kasigwa B. Little Hospice Hoima. In: Hospice Africa Uganda. Eleventh Annual Report: 1 st April 2003 to 31 March 2004: 63. |
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Rabwoni M. Mobile Hospice Mbarara. In: Hospice Africa Uganda. Eleventh Annual Report: 1 st April 2003 to 31 March 2004: 52. |
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IOELC interview: Fatia Kiyange – 10 March 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Emmanuel Luyirika - 11 March 2003. |
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IOELC interview: Margaret Mawanda - 11 March 2003. |
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IOELC interview: Julia Downing – 2 June 2004. |
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IOELC interview: Derek Atkins - 11 March 2003. |
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Angulo JE. Graduation and conclusion of the HIV/AIDS palliative care and rehabilitation course for 85 trainees from 8 districts of Uganda at the Mildmay Centre. In PCAU Journal of Palliative Care 2003;6(3): 10. |
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See: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ug.html |
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This refers to adult mortality risk, which is defined as the probability of dying between 15 and 59 years. |
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See: WHO statistics for Uganda at: http://www.who.int/countries/uga/en |
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UNAIDS. 2004 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. See: http://www.unaids.org/Unaids/EN/Geographical+area/By+Region/Sub-Saharan+Africa.asp |
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See http://www.unaids.org/en/geographical+area/by+country/uganda.asp |
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Total health expenditure per capita is the per capita amount of the sum of Public Health Expenditure (PHE) and Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE). The international dollar is a common currency unit that takes into account differences in the relative purchasing power of various currencies. Figures expressed in international dollars are calculated using purchasing power parities (PPP), which are rates of currency conversion constructed to account for differences in price level between countries.
http://www3.who.int/whosis/country/compare.cfm?country=s&indicator=strPcTotEOHinIntD2000&language=english |
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Tandon A, Murray CLJ, Lauer JA, Evans DB. Measuring overall health system performance for 191 Countries. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No 30; WHO |
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Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda. National health Policy. Kampala: Ministry of Health 1999. |
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Ministry of Health Republic of Uganda. National Sector Strategic Plan 2000/1-2004/5.Kamplala. Ministry of Health 2000. |
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Jagwe JGM. The introduction of palliative care in Uganda. J Pall Med 2002;5(1): 160-163. |
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Hospice Africa Uganda. Eleventh Annual Report: 1 st April 2003 to 31 March 2004: 5. |
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Stjernswärd J, Clark D. Palliative medicine – a global perspective. In: D Doyle, G Hanks, N Cherny, K Calman (eds.) Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003: 1209. |
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IOELC interview: Ekiria Kikule – 10 March 2004. |
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See: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ug.html |
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For an exposition on The Four Principles approach to health care ethics at the end of life: Hegedűs K, Materstvedt LJ. Ethical perspectives on end of life care. In: M Wright, D Clark (eds.) Voices from Eastern Europe : country and regional perspectives . Observatory Publications (forthcoming). |
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Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. |
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Kasenene P. African ethical theory and the four principles. In: R. Gillon (ed.) Principles of Health Care Ethics. London: John Wiley & Sons: 1994: 183-92. |
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Bailhache N. The four pillars of medical ethics. Hospice Uganda Journal of Palliative Care 2000;2(2): 26-27. |
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Gillon R. Value judgements about equity in health. In: Oliver A, Cookson R, McDavid D, eds. The Issues Panel for Equity in Health – Discussion Papers. London: The Nuffield Trust, 2001. |
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Núñez Olarte JM, Guillen DG. Cultural issues and ethical dilemmas in palliative and end-of-life care in Spain. Cancer Control 2001; 8: 46-54. (Full text/free download: http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v8n1/pdf/46.pdf) |
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Dworkin G. Paternalism. The Monist 1972;1: 64-84. |
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Parfit D. Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. |
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Blum RW. Uganda AIDS prevention: A, B, C and politics. J Adolesc Health 2004; May, 34:428-32
Clemens KE, Klaschik E. Palliative care delivery in Southern Africa. European Journal of Palliative Care 2004;11(4): 164.
Dicklitch S, Furley O. The elusive promise of NGOs in Africa: lessons from Uganda. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, Jan 2003; 21(1): 131-134.
Gladwin J, Dixon RA, Wilson TD. Implementing a new health management information system in Uganda. Health Policy and Planning 2003;18(2): 214-224.
Harding R, Stewart K, Marconi K, O'Neill JF, Higginson IJ. Current HIV/AIDS end-of-life care in sub-Saharan Africa: a survey of models, services, challenges and priorities. BMC Public Health 2003; Oct 3:33.
Hunter S. Black Death: AIDS in Africa. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
Jagwe JGM. The introduction of palliative care in Uganda. J Palliative Medicine 2002 5(1) 160-3
Mpanga Sebuyira L, Mwangi-Powell F, Pereira, J, Spence C. The Cape Town Palliative Care Declaration: home grown solutions for sub-Saharan Africa. J Palliative Medicine 2003;6(3): 341-343.
Mpanga Sebuyira L, More J. Palliative care in the 21 st Century. Health Exchange 2003.
Selwyn P, Rivard M. Palliative care and AIDS: challenges and opportunities on the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy. J Pall Med 2003; 6(3) 475-478.
Sepulveda C, Habiyambere V, Amandua J, Borok M, Kikule E, Mudanga B, Ngoma T, Solomon B. Quality care at the end of life in Africa. BMJ 2003; Jul 26, 327(7408): 209-13.
Walusimbi M, Okonsky JG. Knowledge and attitude of nurses caring for patients with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Appl Nurs Res 2004; 17: 92-99.
Wendo C. Uganda begins distributing free antiretrovirals. If the plan succeeds, Uganda will be on track to meet WHO's 3 by 5 target for antiretroviral treatment. Lancet 2004: Jun 19, 363:2062.
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