| References and Further Reading from Zimbabwe pages |
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| References |
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We are grateful to Jennifer Hunt for her contribution to this country report. |
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WHO statistics 200-2002. |
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United Nations Development Programme 2003. Launched by the United Nations in 1990, the Human Development Index measures a country's achievements in three aspects of human development: longevity, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It was created to re-emphasize that people and their lives should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth. Current values range from 0.944( Norway, 1/175 countries) to 0.275 ( Sierra Leone, 175/175 countries). Countries fall into one of three groups: countries1-55=high development; 56-141=medium development; 142-175=low development. See: http://www.undp.org/hdr2003/ |
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Sithokozile Masunye, Edward Chigodoro and Gift Sibanda: personal communication:– 25 March 2004.
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Sr Onya Cunliffe: personal communication – 23 March 2004. |
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FACT, see: http://www.schwabfound.org/schwabentrepreneurs.htm?schwabid=298 |
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See: http://site.mweb.co.zw/islandhospice/ |
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Sr Daphne Clarke: personal communication – 25 March 2004. |
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John and Diana Russell: personal communication – 31 Jan 2004. |
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Sr Nehwati: personal communication – 31 March 2004. |
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Mashambanzou Care Trust, see: http://www.ekhaya.org/zimbabwe/mashambanzou.html |
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Personal communication: Veronica Moss and Catherine O'Keefe – 31 Jan 2004 |
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Dr Breugem: personal communication – 5 April 2004 .
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Veronica Kanyongo: personal communication – 19 March 2004.
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Almah Mangena: personal communication – 24 May 2004 |
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International Narcotics Control Board (2004) Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002. New York: United Nations, 2004.
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‘The term defined daily doses for statistical purposes (S-DDD) replaces the term defined daily doses previously used by the Board. The S-DDDs are technical units of measurement for the purposes of statistical analysis and are not recommended prescription doses. Certain narcotic drugs may be used in certain countries for different treatments or in accordance with different medical practices, and therefore a different daily dose could be more appropriate’. International Narcotics Control Board. Narcotic Drugs: estimated world requirements for 2004. Statistics for 2002. |
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Pardon Muyambo: personal communication – 19 March 2004 . |
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Foundation for Hospices in Sub-Saharan Africa, see: http://www.fhssa.org/index.html |
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Carla Lamadora: personal communication – 13 Nov 2003
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WHO (2002) Progress Report. Community health approach to palliative care for HIV/AIDS and cancer patients in Africa. See: http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/africanproject/en/ |
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‘The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund was created through public donation in the immediate aftermath of the death of the Princess in 1997. A global charity, it continues the Princess’s humanitarian work in the UK and overseas. By giving grants to organisations, championing charitable causes and creating new money for the charity sector, the Fund helps the most disadvantaged people change their lives. By the end of 2002, the Fund will have pledged £50 million on good causes.’ Diana Palliative Care Initiative (2002) The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund:21
See: www.theworkcontinues.org |
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For USAID non-food assistance to Zimbabwe see: http://www.zimrelief.info/index.php?sectid=5 |
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African Hospice Foundation News, December 2003. |
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This is the second phase of the South Africa AIDS Training programme which has assisted in improving the capacities of community organizations in Southern Africa to develop effective and efficient programmes for those most vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. See the Canadian International Development Agency website at
http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cida_ind.nsf/0/3579da86ef71bbf9852565c9006915ec?OpenDocument |
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See: Hunt J. (2002). The nine-cell bereavement table: a tool for training. Bereavement Care, 21(3): 40-41. |
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a temporary home. |
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See: Munodawafa A (2001) Zimbabwe. In: B. Ferrell and N. Coyle (Eds.) Textbook of Palliative Nursing. New York; Oxford University Press. |
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See: Levy L (1997) Communication with the cancer patient in Zimbabwe. In: A. Surbane and M. Zwitter (Eds.) Communication with the Cancer Patient. Information and Truth . New York: The New York Academy of Sciences. |
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IOELC interview: Maureen Butterfield – 7 June 2003. See also Hunt J (2003). From Micro to Macro. A Comparative Analysis of Views on how India and Zimbabwe use the British Hospice Model. Unpublished MA Dissertation, Reading University, UK. |
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McElvaine D (1997) Zimbabwe: the Island Hospice experience. In: C Saunders, R Kastenbaum (1997) Hospice Care on the International Scene. New York: Springer Publishing Company. |
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Donne J (1999) Devotions upon emergent occasions. New York: Vintage Books. |
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Stjernsward J, Clark D (2003). Palliative medicine-a global perspective. In: D. Doyle, G. Hanks, N. Cherney and K. Chalman (Eds.). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. Third Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. |
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Williams S (2000) Global perspective: Zimbabwe. Palliative Medicine , 14: 225. |
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Rona Martin: speech delivered at the celebrations marking the 25 th anniversary of Island Hospice – 22 January 2004. |
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Veronica Moss and Catherine O'Keefe: personal communication:– 31 Jan 2004. |
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Val Maarsdorp: personal communication – 10 Nov 2003. |
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WHO statistics 2000-2002. |
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Larry Elliott, The lost decade. The Guardian, 9 July 2003, |
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1995 Poverty Alleviation Survey (PASS) cited in National Health Strategy for Zimbabwe 1997-2007. |
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Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe (1999). National Health Strategy for Zimbabwe 1997-2007. Harare: Government Printer:54-56 |
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See: A health system on the edge: http://www.zwnews.com/issuefull.cfm?ArticleID=7295 |
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Zimbabwe National HIV/AIDS Estimates 2003 . UNAIDS/CDC/Health Information and Surveillance Unit; Dept. of Disease Prevention and Control AIDS and TB Programme, Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe. |
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Total health expenditure per capita is the per capita amount of the sum of Public Health Expenditure (PHE) and Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE). The international dollar is a common currency unit that takes into account differences in the relative purchasing power of various currencies. Figures expressed in international dollars are calculated using purchasing power parities (PPP), which are rates of currency conversion constructed to account for differences in price level between countries.
See WWW |
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See Joseph Winter. Doubts over Zimbabwe AIDS tax: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/602294.stm |
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Tandon A, Murray CLJ, Lauer JA, Evans DB. Measuring overall health system performance for 191 Countries. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No 30; WHO |
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See: Herbst J (1995). Zimbabwe. In S Lipset (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Democracy. Vol IV. London: Routledge. |
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The Jewel Bank. The Financial World: Inflation. Zimbabwe Independent, 5 to 11 December 2003, 1. |
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Rachel Smith. As Zimbabwe shops with stolen cash, millions starve. The Independent, 23 December 2003 |
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Ball DE, Mazarurwi P (2003) HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes amongst pharmacists in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med , Mar-Apr 49:27-31.
Buchan T, Page T (2003) Teaching the management of terminal illness in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 31(4):82-85.
Conyers D (2003) Decentralisation in Zimbabwe: a local perspective. Public Administration and Development, Feb 23:(1):115-121.
de Castella T (2003) Health workers struggle to provide care in Zimbabwe. Brain drain adds to woes of a cash-strapped health-care system. Lancet, Jul 5 362:46-47.
Grieser M, Gittelsohn J, Shankar AV, Koppenhaver T, Legrand TK, Marindo R, Mavhu WM, Hill K (2001) Reproductive decision making and the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zimbabwe. Journal of Southern African Studies, Jun 27(2):225-244.
Harding R, Higginson IR (2004) Palliative Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Appraisal. London: Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund. See: www.theworkcontinues.org/pressroon/6_3.publications.htm
Harding R, Stewart K, Marconi K, O'Neill JF, Higginson IJ (2003) Current HIV/AIDS end-of-life care in Sub-Saharan Africa: a survey of models, services, challenges and priorities. BMC Public Health Oct 3:33. See: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/3/33
Hunter S (2003) Black Death: AIDS in Africa. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jenkins C, Knight J, Phimister I (2002) The economic decline of Zimbabwe. Africa, 72(4):661-662.
Meekers D (2003) Patterns of condom use in urban males in Zimbabwe: evidence from 4600 sexual contacts. AIDS Care, Jun 15:291-301.
Nazerali H, Hogerzeil HV (1998) The quality and stability of essential drugs in rural Zimbabwe: controlled longitudinal study. BMJ Aug 22 317:512-513.
Reynolds P, Whisson M (1997) Traditional healers and childhood in Zimbabwe. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, Jan 15(1):150-151.
Sibanda A (2000) A nation in pain: why the HIV/AIDS epidemic is out of control in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Health Services, 30(4):717-738.
Sutherland L (1992) Island of strength. Nurs Times, Jul 1-7 88:44-5.
Thomas NH (2003) Land reform in Zimbabwe. Third World Quarterly, Aug 24(4):691-712.
Warren M, Philpott A (2003) Expanding safer sex options: introducing the female condom into national programmes. Reproductive Health Matters, May 11(21):130-139.
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